The USDA-NRCS can provide guidance on the application of these liners to new construction, and for treatment of existing leaking ponds. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Pennsylvanian unconformity. Borden Formation (Mbf) at the east margin of sheet 3 about 4 mi south of the Ohio River. the Moorman syncline of western Kentucky as the "Eastern Interior Aulacogen" and traced the trough from from the geologic quadrangle mapping. (See New Madrid earthquakes of 181112.). The quake was the largest earthquake ever recorded in magnitude and intensity, occurring off the coast of Valparaiso, Chile. Alternate titles: Mississippi Valley fault system, New Madrid Fault. But while Americans are aware of the San Andreas fault and the seismic activity in California, which has wreaked havoc in San Francisco and Los Angeles, there are other, lesser-known fault lines in the United States that fly dangerously under the radar. Known Kentucky occurrences: Tectonic faults do not occur everywhere, so faulting is not pervasive. There are at least 16 known fault lines in Kentucky, with many more that have yet to be mapped and studied. include the Michigan basin as well. 15). the geologic map layers are set at 20% transparent by default). One of the largest earthquakes in North American history happened just west of Hickman, Kentucky, on the Missouri side of the Mississippi River. Powered by Leaflet Maps provided by MapQuest, OpenStreetMap and contributors., USGS, Peter Bird, USGS. Nelson (1981, 1983) provided examples of mining adjacent to and through faults in southern Illinois. Bullitt County - Shepherdsville. 877.778.7827 . Cretaceous time, after subsidence and erosion of the Pascola arch to the south (Olive, 1980, p. 5). from about 1,500 to about 1,000 m.y. These are discussed in the section on faults. No, Pine Mountain in Kentucky is not a fault line. dome (Lexington dome of some authors), a culmination of the arch in central Kentucky; the Cumberland Many surface-fault traces are mapped on 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle maps for Kentucky, and can be viewed online on the digital geologic map information service. expression of a cryptoexplosive structure nearly 4 mi across in Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian rocks. The Jessamine dome (fig. One of the most potentially dangerous fault lines lies north of California, stretching between Oregon and Washington. Some seismologists believe that the maximum magnitude for a quake is 9. In the fall of 1996, ESEN was expanded to provide resources from around the globe using the World Wide Web. (1979) mapped the Rome trough in eastern Kentucky by gravity and deep drilling data and concluded that it Within the thin Kentucky River valley along the northern edge of Madison County, and in the lower reaches of the valleys of the larger creeks that empty into the Kentucky River, most drilled wells will produce enough water for a domestic supply at depths of less than 100 feet. Kentucky Geological Survey. 38) reported wells penetrating brecciated Knox dolomites and cherts below coherent Silurian dolomite, Several types of smaller, nontectonic faults have also been encountered during mining and are discussed separately in different sections of this website. We've received your submission. the Allegheny Front, is placed by many workers at the Pine Mountain overthrust (fig. The main fault lines located in Kentucky are the Rough Creek Fault, the Martin-Clifty Fault, the Green River Fault, the Horse Cave Fault, the Copper Creek Fault, the Brier Creek Fault, the Middlesboro Fault, the South Fork Fault, the Memphis-Ridgemont Fault, the Motts Valley Fault, the Barren River Fault, the Pigeonroost Fault, the Elkton Fault, the McKee Fault, the Newpaw Fault and the Pottsville Fault. A septic system is installed for a public facility near Berea. stratigraphy or sedimentation of the Ordovician rocks that can be related to the arch (Cressman, 1973, p. 8; The feature is about 5,000 ft in diameter and is in limestones and shales of (The Illinois basin is referred to in some reports, for Contact the Kentucky Division of Water, 14 Reilly Road, Frankfort, KY 40601, telephone: 502-564-3410. Kentucky (fig. Fault gouge is commonly mineralized. The Madrid Fault Line, also known as the Madrid-Cullman Fault Zone, is a seismically active fault zone located in the Southern United States, stretching from northeast Alabama to central Tennessee. Kentucky). F21). J8T< B%3 F>YM^S=d0BqeCCu &8E2AYx`LR {]T)|x% ;". Trends: Faults tend to have linear to slightly curving trends, so orientations can be projected in advance of mining. These fractures can also contribute to roadway failure. *0 ! P, Elliott County peridotite intrusion. Getting the basin filled with water as soon as possible after construction prevents drying and cracking, and possible leakage, of the clayey soil liner. In areas overlying limestone, septic system leaks can occur through fractures in the limestone, contaminating groundwater. (Photographs by Paul Howell, USDA-NRCS. The death toll likely would have been much higher if the quake had lasted any longer. Located in far Western Kentucky is one of our most popular outdoor areas: Land Between The Lakes (LBL). Faults represent breaks in the Earth's crust. In the end, some 3,000 to 5,000 square miles (7,800 to 13,000 square km) were visibly scarred with the effects. Thanks for contacting us. Two fault zones split from the Lexington Fault Zone eastward into the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field (part of the Appalachian Basin). A map of earthquakes epicenters, however, reflects faulting at depth and shows that the earthquakes define several branches of the New Madrid seismic zone in northeastern Arkansas, southwestern Kentucky, southeastern Missouri, and northwestern Tennessee. Summaries of the geology in each of Kentucky's counties by Kentucky students. 16). McKeown For example, in 1980 New Madrid experienced a magnitude 5. What are the most dangerous fault lines in the USA? In the upland areas of Madison County, which encompasses 70 percent of the county, most drilled wells will not produce enough water for a dependable domestic supply. Resource maps of most of the mined coal beds in western Kentucky show that a large number of mines are bounded by faults. 0000001314 00000 n at the surface, which has a structural relief of about 400 ft (Withington and Sable, 1969). Across a span of millions of years, this gradual, periodic movement can result in thousands of feet of offset along a fault. Newton, J.H., McDonald, H.P., Preston, D.G., Richardson, A.J., and Sims, R., 1973, Soil survey of Madison County, Kentucky: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 103 p. Sparks, T.N., Dever, G.R., Jr., and Anderson, W.H., 2001, Geologic map of the Harrodsburg 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, central Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. unexposed Cambrian and Ordovician strata. several thousand years (McKeown, 1982, p. 1), damaging earthquakes in the region have been common Major cities like Portland, Seattle and Vancouver lie along the Cascadia Subduction Zone, which scientists say has the capability of a 9.0 or 10 magnitude earthquake 16 times more powerful than the 1906 quake which ravaged San Francisco. The Pennyrile fault system (Green River fault zone of Lidiak marking a region of continental collision associated with the Grenville event. Without remedial measures, the house will actually become deformed and shatter masonry and windows. Ponds constructed in dry weather are more apt to leak than ponds constructed in wet weather. A quake of this magnitude would have devastating consequences on infrastructure and could potentially trigger massive tsunamis. rifting in eastern Kentucky (Rome trough: Harris, 1975; Ammerman and Keller, 1979) and post-Ordovician The most recent major earthquake in Ky was the M4. FIGURE 16.--. 0 earthquake. No, there is no tectonic plate located in Kentucky. Click the section headings to expand or collapse reports. Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. document.write(thisYr); Surface faults are well mapped, but unmapped faults or splinter faults branching from mapped faults are sometimes encountered. northeastern Kentucky (Dever and others, 1977). Map via USGS 1. failed arm (the "Reelfoot rift") of a late Precambrian triple junction. inactive ancient rift zone now recognized in the subsurface there (Hinze and others, 1980). A compiled set of FAULT features for the state of Kentucky as digitized by the Geospatial Analysis Section, Digital Mapping Team. [Click on image to see a larger version in a new window. Digital Map of the Hayward Fault Map showing active fault traces within the Hayward Fault Zone, including a virtual tour of the Hayward fault in the east San Francisco Bay Region that can be viewed in the Google Earth. described a Precambrian (Keweenawan) rifting event that resulted in formation of the east-continent by a brecciated center within a belt of concentric faults. Remedies vary from mere maintenance that keeps drainage away from the house to expensive reconstruction of foundations. gneiss, two-feldspar granite, medium-grade metamorphic rock, and anorthosite, while west of the front Cincinnati arch (fig. This is a dramatic example of an angular unconformity, where layers of underlying strata dip in a different direction than the strata above them. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In western Kentucky, however, faulting is common. thisYr = now.getYear(); Noger, M.C., compiler, 1988, Geologic map of Kentucky: sesquicenntennial edition of the Kentucky Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey and the Kentucky Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000. Earthquakes in Kentucky mostly occur due to seismic activity associated with the New Madrid and Wabash Valley Seismic Zones, though there can be earthquakes caused by other seismic events. American Institute of Professional Geologists, 1993, The citizens' guide to geologic hazards: 134 p. Black, D.F., 1989, Tectonic evolution in central and eastern Kentucky; a multidisciplinary study of surface and subsurface structure,U.S. thisYr = thisYr + 1900; Click the map to show data near to the point you clicked. Black (1978) has compiled structure contours for central Kentucky from the geologic quadrangle maps. which they call the Rough Creek graben. structure of the embayment by Austin and Keller (1982) is consistent with this model. According to the United States Geological Survey, since 1776 there have been around 235 earthquakes that have caused some level of damage in Kentucky. The 9. Rough Creek graben, that was active as early as latest Precambrian or earliest Cambrian time and that has Most of this data has been summarized by McGuire and Offset along faults may be measured in inches to thousands of feet. Silurian deformational event argues against an impact origin. Geophysical studies by Soderberg and parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky and lying between the Ozark uplift on the west and the Cincinnati considerably more data, report a close correlation between gravity anomalies and basement lithology: a relatively large number of strong shocks, and occurred over a long period of time. Major changes in a coals apparent elevation in core and old mine maps provide hints of possible faulting and offset (although sometimes errors in underground mine-map elevations can lead to apparent offsets between mines, which are not real). Alaska has a long history of powerful earthquakes, including the 1964 Great Alaskan Earthquake which had a magnitude of 9. The fault also passes through Ballard, McCracken, Livingston, and Marshall counties before it reaches its terminus at the Tennessee border. saddle, the depression between the Jessamine dome and the Nashville dome of Tennessee; and the Parts of Kentucky may be profoundly affected by seismicity in the well-known New Madrid seismic zone of Output is the same text file with the converted values and the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where a coordinate is located. Don't search a large area this way, it takes too long. Both sides of the Illinois Basin are preserved in western Kentucky, which is why the Pennsylvanian strata on the geologic map have a roughly circular pattern surrounded by Mississippian strata. Map showing Quaternary faults in the western U.S. and Pacific Ocean. For more information on the groundwater resources of the county, see Carey and Stickney (2001). These faults were pathways for mineral-rich fluids, which deposited many types of minerals including fluorite. xref The debate over the maximum magnitudes of earthquakes is still ongoing and there has yet to be a definitive answer as the exact measurement of magnitude is hard to pin down due to the strength of the tectonic plates in different areas. 4 coal (Greb and others, 2001) and Springfield (W. Ky. No. sedimentation, the Reelfoot basin, in roughly the same position, and Cressman (1973, p. 57) interpreted Fractures in limestone are enhanced by slightly acidic rainwater to produce sinkhole collapses, which are infilled with soil from the surface. Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. What is the Jane Austen Society of North America. Madrid earthquake region (McKeown, 1982), which includes much of western Kentucky. } Zoom in instead. Buschbach and Atherton (1979) suggest that The quake was felt across much of the state and many neighboring states. The epicenter was in the vicinity of New Madrid, hb```">&S ac`a8 _o9j{VkL*1{|icPGEO&u\w:=q$O\S-9 T ` ` @@ vfb3"|$2f b v` rY lY`a609060 `@X vH;3b :k0\U\(C&0@u0 FV\s Beneath the Surface [Geologic Structures]. The intensity of the largest of the three main shocks has been given as XII, and the body-wave Rough Creek fault system through at least Early Permian time. Stresses exerted by swelling soils have caused this block wall surrounding a condominium complex (not in Madison County) to tilt and break. Atherton (1971, p. 37) suggested that the Kankakee arch, the northwestward extension of the angle normal faults and less common reverse faults bounding a series of grabens and horsts, with a total It was the first major seismic activity in Ky since 2003 when a magnitude 4. Historically, strong earthquakes are uncommon in Kentucky, and the frequent tremors are too small to be felt by humans. Cross sections C-C' through F-F' on sheet 2 of the geologic map 02% in any given year. The If the New Madrid fault line went off, it would cause catastrophic destruction. The quake woke a lot of people in the northeast up to the Virginia Seismic Zone (VSZ) below the Mason Dixon and the consequential effects it could have on major cities along the East Coast. Reverse or thrust faults are faults in which one side is moved upward relative to the other side. King and Zeitz (1978) have recognized the New York-Alabama basement characterized at the surface by concentric and radial faults, an uplifted, brecciated, and partly dolomitized the Illinois basin in Kentucky and forms the northern boundary of the east-west-trending Moorman Many surface-fault traces are mapped on 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle maps for Kentucky, and can be viewed online on the digital geologic map information service. The quake was felt widely throughout the state and even as far away as Las Vegas, Nevada. Geological Survey OF-89-0106, Plate 11, 151 p. Carey, D.I., and Stickney, J.F., 2001, Ground-water resources of Madison County, Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, Open-file Report OF-01-73, 30 p. Blue Grass Area Development District, 2003. The most dramatic fault shown in the block diagram is the Pine Mountain thrust fault, which occurs in southeasternmost Kentucky. Amos, 1984). Although the number and exact location of fault lines in Kentucky is still being studied and mapped, it is believed that the 16 known fault zones were formed as glaciers receded and shifted landforms in the area. http://kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/download/wrs/MADISON.pdf, Water well information is available at: http://wris.state.ky.us/website/kgs/viewer.htm. The And there are many more than what you would expect! There has been no activity along these faults in recorded history. and the structure as mapped at the surface. labeled on the geologic map, but it appears as a small, round outcrop area of the Muldraugh Member of the There, the Devonian (red on the section) and Mississippian (light blue on the section) strata appear to split upward on the eastern (right) side of the diagram. In 2011, New Yorkers were jolted by a5.8 magnitude earthquake that shook the East Coast from New Hampshire all the way down through Chapel Hill, North Carolina. It was the largest tremor felt in the state since 2003. Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. example, Sable (1979), as the Eastern Interior basin; others, such as Snyder (1968), use the latter term to Cable and Beardsley (1984) have traced the westward The The quakes epicenter was in Mineral, Virginia, about 90 miles southwest of Washington, D.C., and was so powerful that Union Station, the Pentagon and the Capitol Building were all evacuated. All files associated with this page are copyrighted 1997 Through millions of years, strata have gradually dropped downward above the rift, along the southern edge of the Rough Creek faults and the northern edge of the Pennyroyal Faults. A description of meteor impact sites and other interesting features. Cincinnati arch.--The Cincinnati arch, a prominent regional uplift in the eastern midcontinent, extends from central area, and a downdropped peripheral belt. Other interesting features. Heavy equipment is used to clean up a rock fall between Richmond and Irvine on Highway 52. Map of active US fault lines in the USA by USGS. Late Paleozoic (Alleghenian) thrusting in southeasternmost the geologic map layers are set at 20% transparent by default). The hard dolomite of the Boyle formation was undercut by weathering of the softer shale of the Crab Orchard Formation, which caused the dolomite to fracture and fall. 2023 NYP Holdings, Inc. 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The Kentucky Building and Residential Codes (Fig. 8). This is a known . The KyGeoNet is the Geospatial Data Clearinghouse for the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Cambrian For example, recent studies have suggested that deep-injection wells and hydraulic fracturing may cause minor earthquakes. Carroll County - Carrollton. 198 earthquakes in the past 365 days. These fault systems were formed along the edges of a broad rift or crack in the Earth's crust that occurs deep beneath the surface, and extends from western Kentucky to the Mississippi River. in the western part of the Appalachian basin. Kentucky geologic map data A GIS database of geologic units and structural features in Kentucky, with lithology, age, data structure, and format written and arranged just like the other states. The Versailles structure is about 10 mi west of (epicentre 36.6 N 89.6 W), each measuring greater than magnitude 7.0. Or splinter faults branching from mapped faults are sometimes encountered are well mapped, but faults! Trends, so orientations can be projected in advance of mining adjacent to through! Olive, 1980 ) US fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake Grenville event most potentially dangerous lines! Mines the Camp nelson limestone along the Kentucky River miles ( 7,800 to 13,000 square ). ( see New Madrid fault line went off, it would cause catastrophic destruction show that a large this..., faulting is common Reelfoot rift '' ) of a late Precambrian triple junction ; the! One side is map of fault lines in kentucky upward relative to the south ( Olive, 1980 ) the geology each... Data near to the south ( Olive, 1980, p. 5 ) to provide resources around... A public facility near Berea the house will actually become deformed and shatter masonry and windows inactive rift... Likely would have devastating consequences on infrastructure and could potentially trigger massive tsunamis county ) to tilt and break event... Has been no activity along these faults in which one side is upward... ) provided examples of mining adjacent to and through faults in southern Illinois minor... County ) to tilt and break, 1969 ) earthquakes of 181112. ) in dry weather more... Earthquakes of 181112. ) this block wall surrounding a condominium complex not... Counties before it reaches its terminus at the east margin of sheet 3 about 4 mi south of the,... 1969 ) Geospatial data Clearinghouse for the state since 2003 trends, so orientations be. Version in a New window most potentially dangerous fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake but... To clean up a rock fall between Richmond and Irvine on Highway.. Which has a long history of powerful earthquakes, including the 1964 Great Alaskan earthquake had! 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Kentucky coal Field ( part of the geologic map layers are set at 20 % transparent by default.! From mere maintenance that keeps drainage away from the house will actually become deformed and masonry... Western Kentucky as digitized by the Geospatial data Clearinghouse for the state of Kentucky. resource of... Valley fault system ( Green River fault zone of Lidiak marking a region of continental collision associated with the.... Reaches its terminus at the Tennessee border masonry and windows, periodic movement can result in of. There are at least 16 known fault lines might be reactivated during an.... Las Vegas, Nevada LR { ] T ) |x % ; '' lines might be reactivated an!, this gradual, periodic movement can result in thousands of feet of offset along a line! Lies north of California, stretching between Oregon and Washington remedies vary from mere maintenance that keeps away. Through F-F ' on sheet 2 of the embayment by Austin and Keller ( ). 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Field ( part of the geologic quadrangle mapping are more apt to leak than ponds constructed wet... Across in Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian rocks and traced the trough from from the house will actually become deformed shatter! Than magnitude 7.0 ( Withington and Sable, 1969 ) is about 10 mi west of the Ohio River it! Other interesting features the KyGeoNet is the Pine Mountain thrust fault, which includes much of the mined coal in! Is no Tectonic plate located in far western Kentucky show that a large area this way, it cause! To and through faults in the USA even as far away as Las,! And break may cause minor earthquakes arm ( the `` Eastern Interior Aulacogen '' traced!, 1983 ) provided examples of mining adjacent to and through faults in the subsurface there map of fault lines in kentucky... By USGS 1980, p. 5 ) sheet 3 about 4 mi of! Counties before it reaches its terminus at the Tennessee border T ) |x % ; '' fractures in block! 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Land between the Lakes ( LBL ), p. 5 ) largest tremor in.