(22) Cfr. PL 194, 1863 A. Then, with combined rejoicing we celebrate together the praise of the divine majesty;(18*) then all those from every tribe and tongue and people and nation (278) who have been redeemed by the blood of Christ and gathered together into one Church, with one song of praise magnify the one and triune God. The Spirit dwells in the Church and in the hearts of the faithful, as in a temple (cf. 32; PL 2, 53. What specifically characterizes the laity is their secular nature. (30*) The individual bishops, however, are the visible principle and foundation of unity in their particular churches, (31*) fashioned after the model of the universal Church, in and from which churches comes into being the one and only Catholic Church. Rather John XXIII believed it necessary for the Church to face the challenges of the modern world. C. Mohlberg, Sacramentarium Veronense, Romae, 195S, p. 119: ad summi sacerdotii ministerium Comple in sacerdotibus tuis mysterii tui summam. Idem, Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae Romae, 1960, pp. 13-16. 2333 (3903). Eneyel. (18) Conc. 35, De invocatione, veneratione et reliquiis Sanctorum et sacris imaginibus: Denz. They will accomplish all this for the glory and honor of God. Relatio officialis Zinelli, in Conc. Alloc. . 14. Statuta Eccl. (50*) For in their locality these are the new People called by God, in the Holy Spirit and in much fullness. And behold I am with you all days even to the consummation of the world". Is 7:14; cf. Due to the special circumstances of our time the foundations of this doctrine must be more thoroughly examined. Religious should carefully keep before their minds the fact that the Church presents Christ to believers and non-believers alike in a striking manner daily through them. Annus sacer, 8 dec. 1950, AAS 43 (1951) p. 27 s. Pius XII, Cons. They further offer their members the support of fraternal association in the militia of Christ and of liberty strengthened by obedience. Decr., p. 8. Ambrosius, De Vidu s, 4, 23: PL 16, 241 s. (1) Cfr. (14*) Therefore, the Sacred Council teaches that bishops by divine institution have succeeded to the place of the apostles, (15*) as shepherds of the Church, and he who hears them, hears Christ, and he who rejects them, rejects Christ and Him who sent Christ. Lumen Gentium, Vatican II's constitution on the Church, became famous (or rather, notorious) for its heretical teaching of collegiality. Denz. 25, De invocatione Sanctorum: Denz. Encycl. 86, 4: PL 37, 1103. 5 et 6. For they not only had helpers in their ministry,(4*) but also, in order that the mission assigned to them might continue after their death, they passed on to their immediate cooperators, as it were, in the form of a testament, the duty of confirming and finishing the work begun by themselves,(5*) recommending to them that they attend to the whole flock in which the Holy Spirit placed them to shepherd the Church of God. 1, 26: PL 23, 247 A. S. Augustinus, In Ps. passim. The various forms of piety toward the Mother of God, which the Church within the limits of sound and orthodox doctrine, according to the conditions of time and place, and the nature and ingenuity of the faithful has approved, bring it about that while the Mother is honored, the Son, through whom all things have their being (302) and in whom it has pleased the Father that all fullness should dwell,(303) is rightly known, loved and glorified and that all His commands are observed. Encycl Orientalis Ecclesiae, 9 apr. ad Flav. (72), 8. Encycl. Hebr. (23) Cfr. . . 693 (1304). For from Him the whole body, being closely joined and knit together through every joint of the system, according to the functioning in due measure of each single part, derives its increase to the building up of itself in love".(190). Though few are presented such an opportunity, nevertheless all must be prepared to confess Christ before men. 1828 (3061). Cfr. Vat. Alloc. Since the Church is in Christ like a sacrament or as a sign and instrument both of a very closely knit union with God and of the unity of the whole human race, it desires now to unfold more fully to the faithful of the Church and to the whole world its own inner nature and universal mission. 18, 1-2, ad Conc. 16. 22, 21: PL 22, 408. Sacramentum ordinis: Denz. (14) De praestantia sacrae virginitatis, cfr. 9, 3: PG 62, 72. idymus Alex., Trin. (198) Further, they have the capacity to assume from the Hierarchy certain ecclesiastical functions, which are to be performed for a spiritual purpose. (211), Let the spiritual shepherds recognize and promote the dignity as well as the responsibility of the laity in the Church. Finally, those who engage in laborand frequently it is of a heavy natureshould better themselves by their human labors. Mystici Corporis, 29 iun. ctiam Ven. Therefore the Blessed Virgin is invoked by the Church under the titles of Advocate, Auxiliatrix, Adjutrix, and Mediatrix. Rom. 341, 9, 11: PL 39, 1499 s. S. Io. (15) Cfr. 152-153. The Church's role in all of this is first and foremost to be the gateway through which every person and all of human society receives life in Christ. (9) Cfr. But the faithful, in virtue of their royal priesthood, join in the offering of the Eucharist. Can., c. 29 1. 27-30, Episcopo tribuitur primatus sacerdotii. Cf. Funk, I, p. 154 s. (7) Cfr. 55. Answers to the Most Common Objections Against Sedevacantism The Holy See Whoever they are they are called upon, as living members, to expend all their energy for the growth of the Church and its continuous sanctification, since this very energy is a gift of the Creator and a blessing of the Redeemer. 3, ad 1. Miserentissimus Redemptor, 8 maii 1928: AAS 20 (1928) p. 171 s. Pius XII Alloc. Pius XII Litt. (34) Cfr. Any institute of perfection and its individual members may be removed from the jurisdiction of the local Ordinaries by the Supreme Pontiff and subjected to himself alone. Bishops, as successors of the apostles, receive from the Lord, to whom was given all power in heaven and on earth, the mission to teach all nations and to preach the Gospel to every creature, so that all men may attain to salvation by faith, baptism and the fulfilment of the commandments. (3) Videatur synthetiea espositi huius doctrinae paulinae in: Piu XII, Litt. For all their works, prayers and apostolic endeavors, their ordinary married and family life, their daily occupations, their physical and mental relaxation, if carried out in the Spirit, and even the hardships of life, if patiently borneall these become "spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ". (64) Cfr. She is "the mother of the members of Christ . A great many wonderful things are to be hoped for from this familiar dialogue between the laity and their spiritual leaders: in the laity a strengthened sense of personal responsibility; a renewed enthusiasm; a more ready application of their talents to the projects of their spiritual leaders. 3, 2: col. 1388 C. S. Andrcas Cret. Because the human race today is joining more and more into a civic, economic and social unity, it is that much the more necessary that priests, by combined effort and aid, under the leadership of the bishops and the Supreme Pontiff, wipe out every kind of separateness, so that the whole human race may be brought into the unity of the family of God. B. M., Ms. Paris, Mazarine, 1002, fol. Nic.-Const. 3 et q. - Conc. ier., 1, 2: PG 3, 372 D. (67) Cfr. The Church, to which we are all called in Christ Jesus, and in which we acquire sanctity through the grace of God, will attain its full perfection only in the glory of heaven, when there will come the time of the restoration of all things. Litt. S. Irenaeus, Adv. Lumen Gentium (excerpt). (8) Cfr. In no way does it impede, but rather does it foster the immediate union of the faithful with Christ. The Head of this Body is Christ. 5, 1: ed. In this manner, through the members of the Church, will Christ progressively illumine the whole of human society with His saving light. Munificensissimus, 1 no. 2:11; Eph. 2: col. 357. (41*), And this infallibility with which the Divine Redeemer willed His Church to be endowed in defining doctrine of faith and morals, extends as far as the deposit of Revelation extends, which must be religiously guarded and faithfully expounded. In this presentation I explain the concept of marriage as presented in the pastoral constitution Gaudium et Spes. 41: PG 6, 564. With the consent of the Roman Pontiff, this diaconate can, in the future, be conferred upon men of more mature age, even upon those living in the married state. Indeed they have an obligation to so strive. (169) This power, which they personally exercise in Christ's name, is proper, ordinary and immediate, although its exercise is ultimately regulated by the supreme authority of the Church, and can be circumscribed by certain limits, for the advantage of the Church or of the faithful. In this way, that person is ordained to the honor and service of God under a new and special title. (21*) Although, however, all the faithful can baptize, the priest alone can complete the building up of the Body in the eucharistic sacrifice. By reason of their state and rank in life they have their own special gift among the people of God. Lc. Because of this gift of sublime grace she far surpasses all creatures, both in heaven and on earth. Dogmatic Constitution on the Church: Lumen Gentium . p. 212.-| Conc. X, 24-25: PL 15, 1810. 1896: ASS 28 (1895-96) p. 738. S. Cyprianus, Epist. Florentinum, Decretum pro Graecis: Denz. (191) Therefore, the chosen People of God is one: "one Lord, one faith, one baptism"(192); sharing a common dignity as members from their regeneration in Christ, having the same filial grace and the same vocation to perfection; possessing in common one salvation, one hope and one undivided charity. (22) Conc. Each individual layman must stand before the world as a witness to the resurrection and life of the Lord Jesus and a symbol of the living God. This was the same Christ Jesus, who "emptied Himself, taking the nature of a slave . Besides this apostolate which certainly pertains to all Christians, the laity can also be called in various ways to a more direct form of cooperation in the apostolate of the Hierarchy (3*). Mystici Corporis AAS 35 (1943) p. 200 et passilr. Conc. Christ is the Light of nations. Apost. Inter Mirifica, Decree On the Means of Social Communication, 1963. 1896; AAS 28 (1895-96) pp. Between all the parts of the Church there remains a bond of close communion whereby they share spiritual riches, apostolic workers and temporal resources. S. Irenaeus, Adv. Flor., Decretum pro Graecis: Denz. 112-3117, in nova ed. With love and solicitude Mother Church already embraces them as her own. Its law is the new commandment to love as Christ loved us. Pius XII, Alloc. (9) Cfr. (14) The Church, which the Spirit guides in way of all truth(15) and which He unified in communion and in works of ministry, He both equips and directs with hierarchical and charismatic gifts and adorns with His fruits. Encycl. Piously meditating on her and contemplating her in the light of the Word made man, the Church with reverence enters more intimately into the great mystery of the Incarnation and becomes more and more like her Spouse. : ibid. Nor is it by the title of example only that we cherish the memory of those in heaven, but still more in order that the union of the whole Church may be strengthened in the Spirit by the practice of fraternal charity. (35*) From this it follows that the individual bishops, insofar as their own discharge of their duty permits, are obliged to enter into a community of work among themselves and with the successor of Peter, upon whom was imposed in a special way the great duty of spreading the Christian name. 28:18; Mk. Haer. This is the idea that the bishops, taken as a whole, also possess supreme authority in the Catholic Church. Hence the Commission, almost unanimously, decided that this wording should be used: "in hierarchical communion." Funk, I, p. 216. Sous la maternelle protecrion, 9 dec. l9S7: AAS 50 (19S8) p. 39 s. (1) Conc. But that ominous doctrine which attempts to build a society with no regard whatever for religion, and which attacks and destroys the religious liberty of its citizens, is rightly to be rejected (5*). Therefore, since they are tightly bound up in all types of temporal affairs it is their special task to order and to throw light upon these affairs in such a way that they may come into being and then continually increase according to Christ to the praise of the Creator and the Redeemer. Benedictus XV, Epist. (165) Bishops, teaching in communion with the Roman Pontiff, are to be respected by all as witnesses to divine and Catholic truth. (128) Those also can attain to salvation who through no fault of their own do not know the Gospel of Christ or His Church, yet sincerely seek God and moved by grace strive by their deeds to do His will as it is known to them through the dictates of conscience. (234) Because the disciples must always offer an imitation of and a testimony to the charity and humility of Christ, Mother Church rejoices at finding within her bosom men and women who very closely follow their Saviour who debased Himself to our comprehension. 42. Satis cognitum, 29 iun. 1926: AAS 18 (1926) p. 69. It is intended to be used alongside the original document to facilitate individual reflection and group discussion. . 3: Mansi 10, 1151. 16:15; Lk. Each and all these items which are set forth in this dogmatic Constitution have met with the approval of the Council Fathers. (14*) For there are many who honor Sacred Scripture, taking it as a norm of belief and a pattern of life, and who show a sincere zeal. (208) Further, He has shared this power so that serving Christ in their fellow men they might by humility and patience lead their brethren to that King for whom to serve is to reign. (25*) For when Christ shall appear and the glorious resurrection of the dead will take place, the glory of God will light up the heavenly City and the Lamb will be the lamp thereof. A person becomes a member of the College by virtue of Episcopal consecration and by hierarchical communion with the head of the College and with its members. Not only, then, is the people of God made up of different peoples but in its inner structure also it is composed of various ranks. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. In B. V. With it He set up a covenant. 56, 3: Hartel, 111 B, p. 650; Bayard, p.154. The Son, therefore, came, sent by the Father. Indeed, the very ancient practice whereby bishops duly established in all parts of the world were in communion with one another and with the Bishop of Rome in a bond of unity, charity and peace,(23*) and also the councils assembled together,(24*) in which more profound issues were settled in common, (25*) the opinion of the many having been prudently considered,(26*) both of these factors are already an indication of the collegiate character and aspect of the Episcopal order; and the ecumenical councils held in the course of centuries are also manifest proof of that same character. S. Cyprianus, Epist. (186) Becoming from the heart a pattern to the flock,(187) let them so lead and serve their local community that it may worthily be called by that name, by which the one and entire people of God is signed, namely, the Church of God. Boston. (291) In the course of her Son's preaching she received the words whereby in extolling a kingdom beyond the calculations and bonds of flesh and blood, He declared blessed(292) those who heard and kept the word of God, as she was faithfully doing. In the first place, the shepherds of Christ's flock must holily and eagerly, humbly and courageously carry out their ministry, in imitation of the eternal high Priest, the Shepherd and Guardian of our souls. 16:15-16; Acts 26:17 ff. 3:16; 6:19) guiding the Church in the way of all truth (cf. Lc. The heart of this document its teaching in chapter five that the call to holiness is not limited to any one state in life, but is indeed universal, embracing all baptized Christians. Bishops thus, by praying and laboring for the people, make outpourings in many ways and in great abundance from the fullness of Christ's holiness. 11:13; 1 Tim. 2: PL 92, 330. Conc. 63 Cf. (2) Cfr. . Benedictus XV, Decretum approbationis virtutum in Causa beatificationis et canonizationis Servi Dei Ioannis Nepomuecni Neumann: AAS 14 (1922 p. 23; plures Allocutiones Pii X de Sanetis: Inviti all'croismo Diseorsi t. I-III, Romae 1941-1942, passim; Pius XII, Discorsi Radiomessagi, t. 10, 1949, pp 37-43. Christ, the one Mediator, established and continually sustains here on earth His holy Church, the community of faith, hope and charity, as an entity with visible delineation (9*) through which He communicated truth and grace to all. Many of them rejoice in the episcopate, celebrate the Holy Eucharist and cultivate devotion toward the Virgin Mother of God. (9) Cfr. (1) Cfr. 122 Cf. Dei Verbum, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation, November 15, 1965. For those who believe in Christ, who are reborn not from a perishable but from an imperishable seed through the word of the living God,(88) not from the flesh but from water and the Holy Spirit,(89) are finally established as "a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a purchased people . Consequently, even when preoccupied with temporal cares, the laity can and must perform a work of great value for the evangelization of the world. (23) Ex Praefatione, aliquious dioecesibus concessa. The Father of mercies willed that the incarnation should be preceded by the acceptance of her who was predestined to be the mother of His Son, so that just as a woman contributed to death, so also a woman should contribute to life. 25. Funk, I, p. 282. 1943: ASS 35 (1943) p. 209 et 212. This is so even at the very beginning, when at the marriage feast of Cana, moved with pity, she brought about by her intercession the beginning of miracles of Jesus the Messiah. The Mystery of the Church. Leo XIII, Epist. in lob, XXVIII, V: PL 76, 455-456. Lumen Gentium, Dogmatic Constitution On the Church, 1964. (33) Cfr. Leo XIII, Const. 98 (215): Presbyteri, licet secundi sint sa erdotcs, pontificatus tamen api em non habent.. S. Cyprianus, Epist. It is the duty of the ecclesiastical hierarchy to regulate the practice of the evangelical counsels by law, since it is the duty of the same hierarchy to care for the People of God and to lead them to most fruitful pastures. 1957: AAS 49 (1957) pp. By divine Providence it has come about that various churches, established in various places by the apostles and their successors, have in the course of time coalesced into several groups, organically united, which, preserving the unity of faith and the unique divine constitution of the universal Church, enjoy their own discipline, their own liturgical usage, and their own theological and spiritual heritage. (149)(16*), 21. (70) Cfr. Funk I, p. 32. 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